Penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the southern hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have become flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sea life caught while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their lives on land and half in the oceans. All penguin species are native to the southern hemisphere. The largest living species is the Emperor Penguin adults average about 1.1 m tall and weigh 35 kg or more. The smallest penguin species is the Little Blue Penguin, also known as the Fairy Penguin, which stands around 40 cm tall and weighs 1 kg.
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